Alexander the Great in the Qur’an: How Islam Mistook a Pagan King for a Muslim Prophet-Like Figure

One of the most striking historical blunders in the Qur’an is its portrayal of Dhul-Qarnayn (“The Two-Horned One”) in Surah al-Kahf (18:83-101). Islamic tradition identifies this mysterious figure as none other than Alexander the Great — the Macedonian conqueror who lived in the 4th century BCE. But the Qur’an depicts him not as a Greek […]